 Economic Cycles
|
1823-33
Gradual recovery
1833-34
Banking recession
1834-37
Speculative boom in land, banking, and transportation ends in panic
of 1837
1838-43
Depression |
Farm Economy
|
1832
Rechartering of the Bank of the United States becomes an acute point
of contention between creditors in the cities and debtors in the South
and West |
Farmers & the Land
|
1820
Total population: 9,638,453;
Land Law allows as little as 80 acres of public land for a minimum
price of $1.25 an acre; credit system abolished
1830
Total population: 12,866,020; Mississippi
River forms the approximate frontier boundary
1830-37
Land speculation boom
1839
Anti-rent war in New York, a protest against the continued collection
of quitrents |
Farm Machinery & Technology
|
1830
About 250-300 labor-hours
required to produce 100 bushels (5 acres) of wheat with walking
plow, brush harrow, hand broadcast of seed, sickle, and flail
1834
McCormick reaper patented; John Lane manufactures plows faced with
steel saw blades
1837
John Deere and Leonard Andrus begin manufacturing steel plows; practical
threshing machine patented |
Crops & Livestock
|
1820s
Poland-China and Duroc-Jersey swine are developed, and Berkshire swine
are imported
1821
Edmund Ruffin's first Essay on Calcareous Manures
1836-62
Patent Office collects agricultural information and distributes seeds
1830s-1850s
Improved transportation to the West forces eastern staple growers
into more varied production for nearby urban centers |
Transportation
|
1825
Erie Canal finished; canal building era begins (1825-40)
1830
Peter Cooper's railroad steam engine, the Tom Thumb, runs 13 miles;
beginning of railroad era |
Agricultural Trade & Development
|
1820-29
Agricultural exports: $42
million/year or 65% of total exports
1828
Tariff of Abominations opposed by the agricultural South
1830-39
Agricultural exports: $74 million/year or 73%
of total exports
1833
Tariff Act of 1833 begins tariff-reducing trend that lasts until the
Civil War |
Farm Organizations & Movements
|
1838
Proposals made to use James Smithson's grant to establish a National
Agricultural College |
Agricultural Education & Extension
|
1820s
Agricultural periodicals begin to express rural issues
1822
First issue of the New England Farmer
1825-50
Some schools and colleges begin to offer courses in agriculture and
in sciences helpful to agriculture
1826
Lyceum movement begins in Massachusetts
1828
First issue of the New York Farmer; Southern Agriculturist
1830s
Public school movement gains momentum
1830-60
Popular and agricultural education is the most prominent rural issue
of this period, especially in the North
1831
First issue of the Genesee Farmer
1834
First issue of the Cultivator |
Government Programs & Policy
|
1820-35
Agriculture begins to demand a place in government
1820
Agriculture Committee, U.S. House of Representatives, established
1825
Agriculture Committee, U.S. Senate established
1830
Massachusetts becomes first State to conduct a soil survey
1836
Patent Office created in State Department
1839
$1,000 appropriated for Patent Office work with agricultural statistics |
|
