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1823-33
Gradual recovery
1833-34
Banking recession
1834-37
Speculative boom in land, banking, and transportation ends in panic
of 1837
1838-43
Depression
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1832
Rechartering of the Bank of the United States becomes an acute point
of contention between creditors in the cities and debtors in the South
and West
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1820
Total
population: 9,638,453; Land Law allows as little as 80 acres
of public land for a minimum price of $1.25 an acre; credit system
abolished
1830
Total population:
12,866,020; Mississippi River forms the approximate frontier
boundary
1830-37
Land speculation boom
1839
Anti-rent war in New York, a protest against the continued collection
of quitrents
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1830
About
250-300 labor-hours required to produce 100 bushels (5 acres) of wheat
with walking plow, brush harrow, hand broadcast of seed, sickle, and
flail
1834
McCormick reaper patented; John Lane manufactures plows faced with
steel saw blades
1837
John Deere and Leonard Andrus begin manufacturing steel plows; practical
threshing machine patented
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1820s
Poland-China and Duroc-Jersey swine are developed, and Berkshire swine
are imported
1821
Edmund Ruffin's first Essay on Calcareous Manures
1836-62
Patent Office collects agricultural information and distributes seeds
1830s-1850s
Improved transportation to the West forces eastern staple growers
into more varied production for nearby urban centers
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1825
Erie Canal finished; canal building era begins (1825-40)
1830
Peter Cooper's railroad steam engine, the Tom Thumb, runs 13 miles;
beginning of railroad era
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1820-29
Agricultural
exports: $42 million/year or 65% of total exports
1828
Tariff of Abominations opposed by the agricultural South
1830-39
Agricultural exports: $74 million/year or 73%
of total exports
1833
Tariff Act of 1833 begins tariff-reducing trend that lasts until the
Civil War
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1838
Proposals made to use James Smithson's grant to establish a National
Agricultural College
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1820s
Agricultural periodicals begin to express rural issues
1822
First issue of the New England Farmer
1825-50
Some schools and colleges begin to offer courses in agriculture and
in sciences helpful to agriculture
1826
Lyceum movement begins in Massachusetts
1828
First issue of the New York Farmer; Southern Agriculturist
1830s
Public school movement gains momentum
1830-60
Popular and agricultural education is the most prominent rural issue
of this period, especially in the North
1831
First issue of the Genesee Farmer
1834
First issue of the Cultivator
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1820-35
Agriculture begins to demand a place in government
1820
Agriculture Committee, U.S. House of Representatives, established
1825
Agriculture Committee, U.S. Senate established
1830
Massachusetts becomes first State to conduct a soil survey
1836
Patent Office created in State Department
1839
$1,000 appropriated for Patent Office work with agricultural statistics
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